Sunday, 12 November 2023

'To be torn in two': a sermon for Remembrance Sunday

In Hodge Hill we now have a long-established tradition of marking Remembrance Sunday with a focus on lament, penitence and a re-commitment to the work of peace-making, in ways that resist allowing a narrow horizon of 'us and them'. Since October 7th, we have also been giving time every Sunday to grieve with the peoples of Palestine and Israel, and to light candles in prayer for peace and justice in the Holy Land (as we sing the song 'Peace, Salaam, Shalom'). This is my sermon from this morning. (Bible readings: Isaiah 2:2-5; Ephesians 2:13-22; Matthew 5:43-48.)

How do we remember, on a day like today? How do we remember, in a world the way it is today?

* * *

Of the deluge of images and opinions and stories coming out of Israel-Palestine over these last few weeks, in the midst of the overwhelming tragedy of the events continuing to unfold, one little contribution particularly drew my attention this week. It was written by Daniel Seidemann, an Israeli attorney specializing in Israeli-Palestinian relations in Jerusalem.

46 years ago, almost to the day, he was a cadet in the Israeli Defence Force officer training course. He and two other trainees, armed with M-16 assault rifles, were sent into the Jabaliya Refugee Camp in Gaza (which before the recent war began, was home to over 100,000 Palestinian people). It would be years, he writes, before he would recognize what he experienced there for what it was: the consequences of the ‘Naqba’ (the Arabic word for ‘catastrophe’), the name Palestinians give to the violent displacement and dispossession of their people in 1948, and ongoing since then.

But that was not his only formative experience that day. Coming out of the refugee camp, the three Israeli soldiers found themselves in Gaza’s British and Commonwealth war cemetery from the 1st and 2nd World Wars. Just next to the abject poverty of the refugee camp was this cemetery, meticulously maintained down to every blade of grass. ‘It was as though a sliver of Sussex had been transplanted to Gaza’, Seidemann writes.[1] An ‘oasis of calm’, as the cemetery’s website currently puts it.

Seidemann doesn’t comment further on the two experiences. He simply places them side by side for us: perhaps to notice the stark contrast between the two; and the equally stark separation, disconnection, between them. Two utterly different worlds, just a short walk apart.

How might we remember, I wonder, in a way that makes connections between those two worlds?

* * *

In the wake of what we have come to call the First World War, they called it ‘the war to end all wars’. After the genocidal Nazi holocaust exterminated millions of Jews (as well as Roma people, gay and disabled people, and others), the phrase ‘Never again’ has often been used. And yet, the war to end all wars didn’t. And ‘never again’ is, tragically, far from the truth. Our remembering, year after year, has done little or nothing to end the tragic collective sin of war and violence in our world… So what is the point of ‘remembering’ today?

There are, I think, at least four different kinds of ‘move’ we might make in our remembering, and I want to try and tease out each of them a little here now.

* * *

Firstly then, we can remember ‘our side’, ‘our fallen’. Those were the kind of phrases on the lips of the crowd – of mostly angry white men – that pushed through police cordons to get to the Cenotaph yesterday, supposedly to ‘protect’ it. Members of that crowd, called together by the dog whistles of right-wing politicians, were on camera one minute describing the 11th November as ‘our sacred day’… and the next minute hurling bottles at police officers, screaming ‘you’re not English any more’. Whatever they meant by the ‘sacredness’ of yesterday, was wrapped up in persistent, polarised division, hatred, and violence.

We’ve seen a similar kind of ‘remembering’ in many of the speeches of Benjamin Netanyahu, Israel’s extreme right-wing Prime Minister, who has repeatedly turned to the Hebrew Scriptures to justify his policy of relentless bombing and ethnic cleansing of Palestinians in Gaza, and the ongoing violent displacement from their homes of Palestinians in the West Bank by illegal settlers. Netanyahu has quoted passages from the prophet Isaiah, that we Christians turn to every Christmas, that speak of ‘the glory of the Lord rising’ like the sun scattering the darkness: “we are the people of the light, and they are the people of darkness, and light shall triumph over darkness,” he said. This kind of language, this kind of polarising is, ultimately, the language of terror. And we Christians should just pause for a moment and take a breath before we say anything, and remember that all too often Christians like us have used such Scriptures, such language, in similar ways.

* * *

So secondly, we might want to counter such violent polarisation by taking the side of peace. ‘Blessed are the peacemakers,’ says Jesus. What the world desperately needs, we tell ourselves, is peace. And peace must start with us.

Loving our enemies, we remember, includes ‘not bearing false witness’ about other people’s actions, experience, or positions. It includes looking for the best, for the humanity, in those with whom we might vehemently disagree. It means not equating marching for peace, or solidarity with Palestinians in Gaza, with being pro-Hamas. It means not equating being Jewish with supporting the right for Israelis to have a secure state, and not equating either of those with supporting Netanyahu’s right-wing government and its state-sponsored violence and oppression.

As Palestinian Christian theologian Munter Isaac has put it:

‘peacemaking is not an easy task! It involves taking risks and listening to both sides of a conflict. It involves stepping into places that we might not feel comfortable in and meeting people who have been stigmatized by many, likely by us ourselves. To be peacemakers, we must engage the humanity of the other who is different than us. To be a peacemaker means we must cross to the other side of the wall.[2]

Or perhaps we might be drawn to the words of Jewish rabbi Irwin Keller from California, who wrote these words on October 17th, 2023, ten days after the terrifying Hamas attacks which murdered hundreds of Israelis, both soldiers and civilians.

 

Today I am taking sides.

I am taking the side of Peace.
Peace, which I will not abandon
even when its voice is drowned out
by hurt and hatred,
bitterness of loss,
cries of right and wrong.

I am taking the side of Peace
whose name has barely been spoken
in this winnerless war.

I will hold Peace in my arms,
and share my body’s breath,
lest Peace be added
to the body count.

I will call for de-escalation
even when I want nothing more
than to get even.
I will do it
in the service of Peace.

I will make a clearing
in the overgrown
thicket of cause and effect
so Peace can breathe
for a minute
and reach for the sky.

I will do what I must
to save the life of Peace.
I will breathe through tears.
I will swallow pride.
I will bite my tongue.
I will offer love
without testing for deservingness.

So don’t ask me to wave a flag today
unless it is the flag of Peace.
Don’t ask me to sing an anthem
unless it is a song of Peace.
Don’t ask me to take sides
unless it is the side of Peace.[3]

* * *

A third kind of remembering is to take the side of the oppressed. It remembers that Scripture talks a lot of peace – but also of justice. The two come together repeatedly, intimately entangled: peace and justice, justice and peace. Here’s Palestinian theologian Munter Isaac, again:

‘Peacemaking also involves standing on the side of justice and speaking truth to power, even when it may be that of our own people, religion, or nation. Shallow diplomacy and political correctness is not always the answer. … Peacemakers call injustices out by name and call out those who are oppressors. Now this is a difficult way! Those who want to follow this path have to leave their comfort zones. It is also a path that Jesus warned would bring persecution and trouble. But this is our testimony of faith.’[4]

Our Scriptures won’t let us say that ‘God doesn’t take sides’. Time and time again in the Bible, we’re told that God hears the cries of the oppressed – and speaks and acts for their liberation. God is not interested in peace, if it doesn’t come hand in hand with justice. Remember the words of Archbishop Desmond Tutu:

“If you are neutral in situations of injustice, you have chosen the side of the oppressor. If an elephant has its foot on the tail of a mouse, and you say that you are neutral, the mouse will not appreciate your neutrality.”

In war and conflict, there are always victims on both sides – and God grieves with all who grieve… but both sides are not necessarily equally oppressed. Taking the side of justice is an invitation to look at the uneven distribution of power and vulnerability, and to look for the face of God in those suffering enforced vulnerability and oppression. This is an invitation too – especially for those of us who seem far removed from many of the conflicts of the world – for us to notice our own complicity in injustice, through the policies of our government, and the actions and investments of companies we use. The 1917 Balfour Declaration, for example, that led to the founding of the modern state of Israel, was itself a product of the violence of British colonialism, and the colonialist belief that we have the power to draw lines in the sand, and determine who gets to live where.

* * *

Which leads us into a fourth possible move: to remember that it so much of this is really complex. Remembering requires us to do hard work: remembering a much longer, more complex history. Like the work that the National Trust have been doing over the last few years, attending to the histories of their stately homes and their entanglements in imperialism and the slave trade. And similarly, remembering that the history of the state of Israel is intertwined with the Jewish people’s history of centuries of being on the receiving end of invasion and occupation, displacement and exile, and a violent antisemitism that culminated (but didn’t end) with the Nazi holocaust. Through such remembering, we begin to piece together a longer, more complex history beyond crude polarisations, acknowledging our own complicities, and paying careful attention to the way our past histories shape present conflicts.

But this, too, can be a risky move. It can too easily slip into disengagement, politically or emotionally, abstraction, or even paralysis, throwing our hands up in the air in bewilderment: ‘it’s all just too complicated!’.

This is where remembering the big, long, complex stories needs to go hand in hand with also remembering the small, human, personal stories within them. Remembering is about valuing and treasuring each and every human life; grieving each and every human life that has been lost or scarred. And, we are only just learning to add, countless other-than-human lives too.

In our remembering, we remember that war creates trauma. Trauma is a way of naming some of the ways in which our past is still ‘alive’ in our present, both individually and collectively. And how we respond to such trauma is crucial.

Disengagement or detachment is one response (what behavioural scientists label ‘flight’). Paralysis, or ‘freeze’, is another. Another response to trauma is to respond to violence and hatred with more violence and hatred (the ‘fight’ response): in facing up to the monster, in responding out of our traumatised experience and history, we risk turning into monsters in turn. And here, again, we need to take a deep breath.

Donald Nicholl (a Christian theologian, who spent much time in the 1980s studying & teaching in Jerusalem), said this:

“If your immediate spontaneous reaction – if the movement of your heart – upon hearing of some tragedy is an ideological one rather than a human one, then your heart has become corrupted and you should leave straight away and go on pilgrimage until it is cleansed.”[5]

I wonder what kind of pilgrimage we need to go on – each of us individually, and also collectively: as a church community together here, as a country, as a world. This kind of remembering is a way of facing the trauma, and trying to find a different response, to begin to break the seemingly-endless cycles of traumatising violence.

When the letter to the Ephesians tells us that Jesus has ‘broken down the dividing walls’ and the hostility that turns us into ‘us and them’… well that sounds good, doesn’t it? But remember how we’re told that ‘breaking down’ happens: ‘by his blood’, ‘in his flesh’, ‘in [his broken] body’, ‘through the cross’… This work of breaking down dividing walls is profoundly costly: and it costs nothing less than everything. We may say that ‘peace starts within ourselves’. And yes, there’s some truth in that. But it’s certainly not as simple as finding some tranquil centre within ourselves, from which we can then radiate peace to the world. Here’s Donald Nicholl (again):

“The task of the Christian is not to be neutral – but to be torn in two.”

Peace- and justice-seeking needs to start by letting the horrors of war, violence, division and hatred sink into our depths, and to be met there by the compassion of God, the suffering love of the crucified Christ. That is where our remembering needs to begin…

May God bless you with a restless discomfort

about easy answers, half-truths, and superficial relationships,

so that you may seek truth boldly and love deep within your heart.

May God bless you with holy anger
at injustice, oppression, and exploitation of people,
so that you may tirelessly work for justice, freedom, and peace among all people.

May God bless you with the gift of tears
to shed for those who suffer from pain, rejection, starvation, or the loss of all that they cherish,
so that you may reach out your hand to comfort them and transform their pain into joy.

May God bless you with enough foolishness
to believe that you really can make a difference in this world,
so that you are able, with God’s grace, to do what others claim cannot be done.

(A Franciscan Blessing)

 



[2] Munther Isaac, The Other Side of the Wall: A Palestinian Christian Narrative of Lament and Hope (IVP, 2020)

[4] Isaac, The Other Side of the Wall

[5] From a Facebook post by Revd Dr Richard Sudworth, 30th October 2023

Friday, 10 November 2023

Living in Love & Faith: what kind of body?

As the Church of England's General Synod prepares to meet next week, which will include the latest conversation and decision-making in the ongoing 'Living in Love & Faith' process, Birmingham's diocesan synod met informally yesterday, to enable our General Synod reps to hear some of us reflect on where it seems like we're at. I offered something like the following brief reflection.
It's important, I think, in these conversations for each of us to try hard to locate ourselves a little - to resist the temptation to speak from an imagined (and illusory) abstract, objective or universal place.

So I come to this as a straight, ordained man. With the structural privileges and experiential ignorances that accompany that location.

I come also as a someone for whom marriage has for many years been a profound gift, and a demanding, vulnerable, costly place (albeit one place among a number of others) within which I've been able to explore and continue working out how to be a faithful disciple of Jesus, in giving and receiving love.

I was 16 years old when Issues in Human Sexuality was published. And have sought to engage with the CofE's conversations on sexuality ever since then, including doing my very best to listen to and learn from both my LGBT+ siblings and colleagues, and from conservative siblings and colleagues too.

In this most recent moment on this long journey together, it has particularly struck me that there's a need to 'dig down' into the ongoing conversation: to try to discern what's going on 'in the depths', 'in the roots' of the issues, the disagreements, the wrestling. And it's struck me that so much of the current conversation is not, at its roots, about sex, or marriage, or how we read Scripture. It's about ecclesiology - our understandings of what it means to be church.

It's about what we do with deep difference.

It's about how we acknowledge power, and vulnerability, and how we use power, and respond to vulnerability. And than requires us to recognise that, when the conversation polarises, as it so often does, into 'sides', these sides are not symmetrical. Power and vulnerability are unevenly distributed.

It's also, at root, about who we are prepared to recognise as fellow members of the body of Christ. That's why this is fundamentally an ecclesiological question.

Are we prepared to recognise those who read Scripture very differently to us, but with just as much desire to read it faithfully? This is not, despite some caricatures, a debate between those who read Scripture faithfully, and those who follow the trends of our wider culture.

And neither is it a debate about, on the one side, faithfulness and holiness in covenantal sexual relationships, and on the other side a laissez-faire, 'anything goes' approach to sexuality. At the heart of the debate is the question: are we prepared to recognise those who seek to embody Christ's faithfulness and holiness in covenantal (and sexual) relationships, within a couple who just happen to be of the same sex?

Personally, I passionately believe that it is God's gracious will and desire that such faithful Christians should be able to participate in the profound gift and costly school of discipleship that is marriage - and that in so doing they will enrich and deepen our shared understanding of what marriage is and can be at its best.

But to move forward at this particular point in the conversation, at this point in the process, I also passionately believe that we need to pay most attention to our ecclesiology, and how that shapes our ways and processes of thinking, speaking, listening, and decision-making.

How can we embody care and truthfulness in how we characterise those we disagree with - so that we do not fall into the sin of 'bearing false witness'?

How can we recognise the uneven distribution of power and vulnerability in these hard conversations and decision, and seek Christlike ways to address this?

How can we seek ways of embodying Paul's vision of the body of Christ, with all its diverse gifts, gracious mutual recognition, and intimate interdependence (the opposite, I would suggest, of the idea of 'structural differentiation')?

To my conservative siblings especially, I want to say:

I love you.

I recognise and respect your attempts at faithfulness and holiness.

I don't want to impose my ways of reading Scripture on you.

I want and need you as flourishing fellow members of the body of Christ.

I wonder if, and how, you might find your way to say the same of me, and my LGBT+ siblings too?

Thursday, 26 October 2023

The crack, the cave & the compost heap: where we look for life (and God)

 It was a joy to receive a (fairly last-minute) request to contribute to Derby diocese's annual clergy conference, this October. Their overall theme was 'kintsugi: beauty in our brokenness', which brought for me profound resonances, both deeply personal and in my wider church-based, neighbourhood-focused and theological work. So I was very grateful for the opportunity to do some more in-depth reflection on this. What follows weaves together some reflections on composting that I have explored elsewhere (including in a jointly-authored chapter on feminist theology and 'masculinities' with Simon Sutcliffe, which will be published next year), and some newer wonderings on 'cracks', inspired in large part by the breath-taking, mind-blowing work of Bayo Akomolafe (whom I reference in this piece repeatedly).

The Crack

There is a
crack
jagged and
long and
very deep.
The crack
is bleeding
having been torn
a howl
comes from its
heart
how to get back
together
with the proper fit
in right
relationship
the sides will not dovetail             neatly into place
too much of the edges             having crumbled away
nor can they           be forced together
without killing the fragile            flowers that cling to them
the crack           is permanent
one must, however, stand                on either side 
             as if it were not there               (although it is)      
   (knowing it is)            within the good
loving the other           in its absence
whichever side it is              embracing it
  without that                crucial, agonizing coupling
there is             only
the barren landscape of despair              the blackened territory of madness
trust the crack
it wants to be
a wild luxuriant valley
with waterfalls
a river running through
and on either side
fertile                  fruitful
lands.

(Kathy Galloway)

What I bring to you today comes in pieces, in fragments. Fragments of poetry. Fragments of story. Fragments of experience. Fragments of Scripture. Fragments of wisdom. It doesn’t all fit together neatly, as nice as that might be. You might find yourself wanting to stay with just one fragment, hold onto it, and let the rest go. But I also want to invite you to pay attention to the cracks: to the gaps, the silences, the not-fitting-togethers, the questions (spoken and unspoken), the invitations to play, wrestle, weep, wait or wonder.

* * *

A story with Yoruba roots, from the Nigerian-born thinker, writer and teacher, Bayo Akomolafe:

There is a father in the village, who’s about to die, and he calls his son home from the city, for the two of them to build a house together. Along the way, the old man becomes too weak to continue, and he retires to his bed while the son faithfully finishes the job. He puts on the thatched roof, sweeps the compound, and then rushes with gusto to his father’s bedside, and says, “Father, I have completed the work, I just wanted you to know that.” “Are you sure it’s complete?” the father asks. “Yes,” the boy says, “it is complete.” And with surprising strength, the father jumps up from the bed, picks up a mallet, walks to the new house, inspects the walls, looks around… and then all of a sudden, with a mighty swing of the mallet, he smashes a hole into one of the walls. “What are you doing?” the son exclaims, “Why did you do that?” And the old man answers, “You see what just happened? Now our neighbours will pass by, and they will point to the hole and say, ‘What happened there?’, and they will come around and they will greet you and they will ask for your name and you will tell them, and you will ask for their name and they will tell you theirs, and you will invite them for tea or for pounded yam and then you will become neighbours.” “Where is this going?”, asks the son. And the father replies, “You are not complete until you are wounded in some way”…[1]

* * *

I invite you to notice what this story isn’t, as well as what it is. It is not a story of restoration, healing or mending. It is a story of holes, cracks, brokenness, wounds… and of the suggestion that hope, possibility, encounter, life even, might be found precisely in those places. In the brokenness. In the cracks. In the holes. In the wounds. I invite you to dare to journey together with that suggestion, and to see where it might take us.

This journey might be particularly significant if, as some people are suggesting, we are living in a time of endings. A time when once-apparently-unshakable structures and systems seem to be faltering. When familiar stories told to make sense of the world seem to be running out of steam. When the world as we know it seems to be increasingly in ruins (metaphorically, and in some places tragically, very literally) – or if not yet in ruins, then desperately trying to shore up its crumbling walls. And I include the Church in this. The Church that is inextricably entangled in what the Black feminist poet Audre Lorde named ‘the Master’s House’, with all its racist, colonialist, capitalist, hetero-patriarchal, ableist, ecocidal power – power even in its death throes, even in its crumbling.

One sign of the ending of a world is that the concept of ‘the future’ no longer works. It’s no longer possible to take the familiar story of the world as we know it and extend it forward beyond the present. The familiar story no longer does it job of helping us make sense of what’s going on, or what might happen next.[2]

As Christians we might recognise this as a Holy Saturday space. A space where there is absolutely no sense of a ‘tomorrow’ that might be different from ‘today’. A space where all we can do is abide in the crack, attend to what remains, hold each other tenderly (as Mary and Judas’ mother are in this beautiful painting of Nicolas Mynheer’s), make ‘good ruins’ (as someone has recently put it), fragments that might just possibly contribute to whatever might come next.[3]

* * *

But what kind of light – and I think this is my question for us today – what kind of light might, just possibly, as Leonard Cohen famously sang, get in through the cracks? Through the holes, the breaks, the wounds? And what might that involve of us? My initial hunch is that, at the very least, it needs us to tarry with the cracks, to linger with them… it needs us not to rush into attempts at premature mending, but to hold them open. Or if it is not us doing the holding, then it needs us to pause in the cracks, to stand, sit or lie in them… and my initial hunch is that if we dare to do that, then we at least sometimes discover them as places not necessarily of restoration, but of encounter, of opening up and opening out.

That seems to be what is happening in the stories in the Hebrew scriptures of both Elijah and Job. Both are broken men when they encounter God.

Elijah’s euphoria from his apparently ‘successful’ fire-fight on Mount Carmel has rapidly drained away, and with it any sense of self-worth, purpose, or hope for the future: his own or that of his people. His story, of his zeal for the Lord, of the failure of his people, of how it’s only him left and he’s being hunted down, is a cracked record, on continuous repeat. And hidden in a cleft of the rock of Mount Horeb, he meets with a God who is… “the sound of sheer silence”… And if God gives him a new story here, it is a story in which Elijah is radically de-centred. There are faithful others out there, he is told, and Elijah’s job from here is to let go, hand over, pass on.

* * *

Yehuda Amichai was an Israeli poet (1924 – 2000). He was born in Germany, then emigrated with his family to Palestine in 1936. He fought in the Israeli War of Independence as a young man, but became an advocate of peace and reconciliation in the region, working with Palestinian writers.

‘the place where we are right’
(Yehuda Amichai)

* * *

Job, who we see early on sitting on the ash heap, scraping his sores with a broken piece of pottery (2:8), has lost everything: livelihood, possessions, home, loved ones, bodily health. Hardly comforted by his so-called ‘friends’, Job grieves his losses, curses the day he was born, protests his innocence, at length. And is finally silenced as the Creator confronts him with the vastness, the complexity, the wonder of a universe of myriad creatures and more-than-human agency, within which Job (and, by extension, all his fellow humans) is of ‘small account’, and realises he’s been trying to speak of things beyond his understanding. To the ash heap he returns, in repentance and in silent awe (chs. 38-42). From assuming he was somewhere near the centre of the universe, he has discovered himself marginal to a world (and a God) so much bigger, stranger, wilder than he could have possibly imagined, a wonderful, magical world teeming with abundant, excessive, ‘promiscuous’ life (as Bayo Akomolafe puts it). And it is through the cracks, through his losses and wounds – however unjust they may be – that Job has been opened to this world-changing discovery.

* * *

And nothing in Elijah’s and Job’s encounters with God negates the significance of their moody laments and protests. Not Elijah’s retirement, or Job’s silencing. Both have still had their say, and God gives both of them ample space to do so. ‘It’s not fair!’ (and versions of that with more swear-words) is a valid, and potentially holy prayer.

Theologian Karen Bray, following the lead of political theorist Sara Ahmed, seeks to pay attention to what Ahmed calls ‘affect aliens’ – those who refuse the kinds of happiness and wholeness on offer in mainstream society (and let’s again include the Church), and who in so doing get labelled ‘awkward’, ‘queer’, ‘killjoys’, or some kind of ‘mad’. What if many forms of unhappiness – Bray cites depression, melancholy, mania, anger and anxiety – are less about an internal defect or sickness in the individual, and more an indicator, a diagnosis even, of a sickness in our society and our systems? Recent attention to ‘climate anxiety’ and ‘climate grief’ are obvious examples of this. So too would be Maya Angelou’s poem ‘Still I Rise’, or Lauryn Hill’s song ‘Black Rage’. And of course any form of physical protest where people place their bodies ‘in the way’, obstructing the flows of so-called ‘mainstream’ society.

So Bray reads Luke’s depiction of Martha’s moody protest, for example, as ‘a prophetic lament against a structure of hospitality that risked slipping into coercive obligation instead of persuasive relation’.[4] Jesus in this story commends sister Mary’s passive attentiveness over Martha’s anxious activity, but as Bray painstakingly highlights, Martha is both profoundly attentive to the material, bodily needs of the moment, but also pointing out the profoundly gendered and contradictory nature of the way of discipleship on offer, that requires the disciple to abandon their family to follow Jesus, to choose rapt attention over menial tasks, and at the same time to depend on the hospitality of others, a hospitality which, if withheld, is met with a shaking-the-dust-off-one’s-feet condemnation. Mary is the exception that proves the rule. It is primarily men who do the leaving home and following, it seems, and so Martha is speaking up, Bray suggests, for the women both left behind and expected to provide hospitality when asked. Martha refuses to fit happily into the roles on offer in Jesus’ economy of discipleship. And it is not the last time Jesus will feel the sharpness of Martha’s rough edges.

Disability theorist Rosemarie Garland-Thomson takes the conventional binary of bodily impairment and social disablement and proposes a new term that emerges when the two (bodies and social environments) come together: she talks about misfitting. With the shift in terms, everything suddenly becomes contextual, relational. The shape of this particular environment means that this particular bodies fits, or doesn’t: a round hole that won’t allow a square peg to fit in it. Misfitting can be inescapably physical, but also produced by the dominant attitudes and behaviours of a social context. Achieving a better ‘fit’ could in theory involve change in either the individual or the environment (or both), but we’re invited to consider what the cost of change on either side might be, and critically, where power might be concentrated in this relationship. To misfit in an environment is, generally, to be vulnerable: this place neither welcomes me, nor enables me to have a life here. To insist on remaining present within a misfitting space is to make that vulnerability visible, and to insist that things can, and should, be different.

* * *

But what if you have everything going for you? What if you have the privilege of living a largely well-fitting, comfortable life? What if you even have a significant level of power and control over your environment, and how you inhabit it? What if you have sophisticated defences against cracks, holes, brokenness and wounds, and can afford to pay for them to be quickly sealed up or healed up, if ever the need arises?

Take King Nebuchadnezzar the Second. Nebuchadnezzar the Great. Ruler of Babylon and its empire, ‘destroyer of nations’ (Jer 4:7), builder of cities, creator of the legendary hanging gardens, dreamer of dreams…

A great tree, he dreamt, at the centre of the earth. Reaching to heaven, visible to the ends of the earth. With beautiful foliage and abundant fruit, a shade for the animals of the field, a home for the birds of the air in its branches. A tree from which all living beings were fed.

The tree of life, no less. An ecology of goodness and fruitfulness. And yet, as Daniel, interpreter of dreams, points out, the fatal flaw in Nebuchadnezzar’s vision is that Nebuchadnezzar imagines that he is the tree of life. That he is at the centre of the universe. That it’s he who shelters, and homes, and feeds all creatures, from his abundance.

And, in the dream, a ‘holy watcher’ cries, ‘cut down the tree’ to its stump and roots, ‘let his lot be with the animals in the grass of the earth’. And just as he dreamt, so it happens: walking one day on the roof of his palace, surveying his magnificent city, the mighty king is suddenly brought to his knees, quite literally: cast out into the fields with the animals, down on all fours eating grass, little by little coming to resemble the oxen and birds whose company he now kept.

Like Job, there is eventually a restoration of the king’s fortunes, but that isn’t the interesting part of this story. What’s interesting is this bringing down of the mighty one from his throne, this bringing down to earth, this humbling to the humus, this stripping him of dominion, this decomposing of all the power-structures and defences that previously lent him an illusory sense of autonomy and control, this bringing him face to face with his own dependence, on the earth itself, and on his fellow creature-kin.

It is interesting that interpreters of this passage have often labelled Nebuchadnezzar’s plight here as ‘madness’. His experience is ‘othered’, distanced from those of us who imagine ourselves to be ‘sane’, and the supposedly ‘sane’ world that we live in. But nothing in the biblical account talks of madness, only of a time of learning. And if there is a reference towards the end of the story of Nebuchadnezzar’s ‘reason’ returning to him, then it seems to be inextricably linked to the blessing and praising of God.

So let’s just tarry a little longer with Nebuchadnezzar in his season of learning, and let’s wonder a little at what he might have been learning there…

This learning experience is emphatically not the kind of Bear Grylls heroism of survival in the wild, much less ‘conquering’ it. But neither is it simply humiliation, punishment. As with Elijah and Job, it is perhaps more of a de-centering, an opening up to the ‘others’ who are around him – in Nebuchadnezzar’s case, to the more-than-human world of grass and oxen and dew and birds. It is, we might say, a pedagogy of interconnectedness.

Perhaps there might be a learning from trees, a leaning into trees for the shelter and shade they offer not just to humans that happen to be passing by, but to whole ecosystems of animal and plant life, in their branches, on their trunks, at their feet and among their roots (not to mention their vital entanglement with our very breathing). Perhaps Nebuchadnezzar might have begun to learn a similar lesson to the citizens of Sheffield over the last few years, in the face of council plans to fell 17,000 urban trees. That trees are our neighbours and we need them.

Perhaps there might be a learning too from the waist high forest of grasses and wildflowers, the bustling, buzzing marketplace of the pollinators and the pollinated. A learning from those plants we so often label as ‘weeds’, like the mighty dandelion, with its deep taproots that reach down and bring up minerals needed for the subterranean community.

Perhaps there might be a learning from mosses, the most ancient of land plants, which inhabit virtually every ecosystem on earth, inhabiting the cracks, the tiny spaces too small for other species to live, not competing but cooperating in the creation of ecosystems, building soil, purifying water, cloning themselves from broken off leaves and torn fragments…[5]

And going below ground, what might a humbled Nebuchadnezzar be learning about another ancient creature, the 600 million year old earthworms, whom Aristotle called ‘the Intestines of the Earth’, who move the soil around in vast quantities, break down dead plant and animal matter, create channels for aeration and drainage and fertile environments for microbes and plants to thrive. Creatures who are, quite literally, in the words of the 5th Mark of Mission, ‘sustaining and renewing the life of the earth’.

Some of us have learnt some of these things from a distance, from books and podcasts and Wikipedia and so on. But the gift offered to Nebuchadnezzar – and to us – is an invitation to a more intimate knowing, to the kind of knowing that indigenous peoples and others deep-rooted in the land have treasured and sustained for millennia, a radial attentiveness and receptivity to the more-than-human, that opens us up, draws out ‘uncanny sympathies’ in us, desires and hungers in us, moves us and invites us to ‘move with’ in mysterious ways that we don’t fully understand.[7] It is a kind of knowing that knows, as native Potawatomi botanist and writer Robin Wall Kimmerer reminds us, that before we loved the earth, the earth loved us.[8]

* * *

This is the wisdom of the compost heap. King Nebuchadnezzar enters into what agrarian theologian Norman Wirzba has wonderfully called ‘the dark night of the soil’. The place where strong, hard, rigid things are broken down, decomposed. Eggshells. Cardboard. Self identity. Institutions. Structures and systems. The Master’s House, in all its forms.

‘compost’
(Redwood Reider [they/them])

The compost heap is a place of thrown-togetherness. Of a necessary diversity. The magic of composting only works if there’s a coming together of different kinds of stuff. It positively welcomes the discarded. The things we count as rubbish – peelings, banana skins, mouldy fruit – waste, nobodies, that turn out to be of profound value in the composting process.

And the compost heap needs its multitude of decomposers: the creepy crawlies, the flies, the invisible microbes, the earthworms. It is not we humans who make compost. It’s them, their agency, that makes it happen. At most, we are minor partners in the process. The challenge for some of us, even in our bit-part roles, is to face and embrace some of our gut responses to our creature-kin: at best incomprehension or indifference, at worst, horror and disgust.

* * *

Sharon Betcher, a feminist theologian attentive to disability, reminds us that our understandings of beauty have been captured, and narrowed, by the Master’s House – by white capitalist hetero-patriarchy and ableism – which have shaped our instinctive responses to some bodies – often the kind of bodies for whom ‘mis-fitting’ is a daily experience. Encountering ‘somatic and cognitive variations among the human community,’ she notes, ‘can leave some persons anxious, uneasy, queasy’. An instinctive response at best of incomprehension or indifference, at worst, horror and disgust. But these are symptoms of something deeper: a reaction against the vulnerability, unpredictability, uncontrollability that are unavoidable aspects of life itself.

Betcher offers two contemplative practices as potential ‘therapy’ for these gut reactions of disgust and avoidance. The first, the Buddhist practice of ‘corpse meditation’: mindfully, nonjudgmentally “visualizing revolting aspects of the body in its death and dismemberment in order to work through and imagine differently many of the issues confronting us”. The second, Christian traditions of meditatio crucis, contemplating the dying or dead body of Christ on the cross as a thing not of beauty in any conventional sense, but of disfigurement, of what some traditions of art label ‘grotesque’ – supported, of course, by the verbal meditations offered by Scriptural texts like Psalm 22 and Isaiah 53. Not to make the crucified Christ something other than ugly, in any conventional sense. But to expose ourselves, familiarise ourselves, to be more and more truly present to, that ugly, abject vulnerability that also belongs to many others in our world… and, yes, to us too.

As Brazilian feminist theologian Ivone Gebara puts it, “the beauty that will save us is, above all, not pretty”. Because this is about the kind of love which (as William Miller describes it in The Anatomy of Disgust) relaxes or suspends the rules of disgust, develops a familiarity, a solidarity, with bodies, with flesh, with all its holes and fractures, leakiness and wounds, foibles and messiness. This kind of love as a deepening familiarity, solidarity, Betcher names as forbearance: a passionate ‘roominess’, a ‘desire to stay near another’, which ‘overcomes disgust in favour of caring and concern’, mercy, receptivity, holding. It’s something, she suggests, to which disability experience brings considerable expertise, as together we seek to navigate (somatically, ethically, spiritually) the ruins of the Master’s House. ‘You might be surprised,’ she writes, ‘that there’s much joy and good laughter [along the way]. We laugh at ourselves and with one another; we’re not surprised by flesh.’

And interestingly, for our fragmented wanderings here, Betcher suggests one more small practice ‘for training the … soul in forbearance’, especially for those of use who are urbanized:

‘Let some dandelions grow, if not as a free-for-all human dietary tonic, then on behalf of another necessary species. While dandelions have been greeted as some form of urban plague, these blooms – among the first blooms of spring – have been found necessary to the survival of bees as they wake and stir, looking for food. The practice of tolerating dandelions will also surely rile up neighbours whose aesthetic sensibilities prefer a grassy monoculture: more practice in forbearance…’![9]

She reminds us too of the time dimension to forbearance. Practiced by the ancient Israelites in their 50-year cycle of Jubilee, which allowed for a year or two when domestic plants and so-called ‘weeds’ lived intermingled, undisturbed.

* * *

Among the ordination gifts I have treasured over the 2 decades since has been a communion set, a simple, blue ceramic chalice and paten – more a dish, for the communion bread. Just before Advent 2021, our church building was broken into, in the first of what was to be a spate of 5 break-ins in 6 weeks. Some doors and windows were smashed. Some of the TV screens we used for services were taken, but there wasn’t much else to take. On the floor behind the altar, below where one of the screens had been fixed to the wall, was my simple, blue ceramic chalice, still intact. But the dish had been broken into a handful of pieces. Until that moment when I discovered it, in fragments on the floor, I hadn’t realised that it had been precious to me. Both as special gift, and as holy, everyday vessel, the container which over the years had held countless pieces of bread for blessing, breaking and sharing. It wasn’t a deliberate act of desecration. Merely an accident, collateral damage that happened to be in the path to the more-obviously-desirable flat screen TV. But I felt the breakage personally: the communion dish was part of my ministry, part of this church community, part of any number of sacred stories.

And so we found someone to mend it, kintsugi-style. The pieces fused back together, the cracks lined with gold, a vessel more beautiful than it had been before, another story carved into its clay. It returned, in the post, just before Lent 2022. And at our Ash Wednesday eucharist, in conversation with Jan Richardson’s blessing-poem, it preached my sermon for me.

REND YOUR HEART (Joel 2:12-13)

To receive this blessing,
all you have to do
is let your heart break.
Let it crack open.
Let it fall apart
so you can see
its secret chambers,
the hidden spaces
where you have hesitated
to go.

Your entire life
is here, inscribed whole
upon your heart’s walls:
every path taken
or left behind,
every face you turned toward
or turned away,
every word spoken in love
or in rage,
every line of your life
you would prefer to leave
in shadow,
every story that shimmers
with treasures known
and those you have yet
to find.

It could take you days
to wander these rooms.
Forty, at least.

And so let this be
a season for wandering,
for trusting the breaking,
for tracing the rupture
that will return you

to the One who waits,
who watches,
who works within
the rending
to make your heart
whole.

(Jan Richardson, Circle of Grace, p.93)

So far, so good. A story of a breaking, and a mending. But…

* * *

In October 2022, at Hodge Hill Church we marked Black History Month, as we have done for several years now, with a focused attention on racial justice, across a month of Sunday services. We learnt, we reflected, we celebrated, we lamented. We heard from Black and White voices from within our congregation, sharing something of their experience of, and journey with, racism and whiteness. And we had visiting preachers and worship leaders bringing wisdom from beyond the local, including Dr Sanjee Perera, who at the time was just finishing in her role as the Archbishops’ Advisor for Minority Ethnic Anglican Concerns. Sanjee preached, of heartbreak and hope for a Church still riven by institutional racism. We remembered in silence the countless victims of colonialism, slavery and racism past and present. We celebrated with gratitude the stories of those who have raised their voices, and placed their bodies on the line, to resist and challenge racist discrimination and violence, and offer us glimpses of God’s rainbow kin-dom. And the service finished with dancing and joy.

And in the midst of all of this, the communion dish broke for a second time. It was an accident, again. This time, dropped in the process of the post-service washing up. But the little story surrounding that moment was one of a last-minute unsettling of established liturgical roles; of a complex interaction of race, class and gender where the power and privilege did not all sit neatly on one side; and of heightened stress and anxiety, on top of some underlying long-term trauma. But all that is quite possibly incidental to the moment of the accident: a slip, a drop, a broken dish.

I can’t show you a photo of a beautifully-mended dish, a second time. There were more fragments to work with, the repair more difficult, even for a skilled craftsperson. The mending is still a work in progress, the outcome uncertain as yet. These things take time – happen in God’s good time, perhaps.

* * *

I have my own, very personal, stories of being broken, and mended, and broken again. I wonder if you do, too. I also know that I have responded to those breakings in a whole spectrum of different ways, and that it’s often an unhelpful over-simplification of a messy complexity to try and categorise each of those responses as good or bad, healthy or unhealthy. Our responses to breakings are part of the breaking, which is also part of the mending.

I’m guessing we all have our stories, too, of our church communities offering some care and shelter from the breakings of life, stories of significant mending happening among us as church… but also stories of church communities being places where the breaking happens too, as the fissures of ‘the world outside’ also run through each of us, and the Church itself, we know all too well, has its own internal tendencies to division and brokenness. So I wonder how we’ve responded, individually and collectively, to those breakings, and how those responses, too, might be part of the breaking, and also part of the mending.

* * *

Bayo Akomolafe invites us to join with him in the discipline of ‘chasmography’: a careful study of the cracks, and what we discover there. We have barely scratched the surface. But we have noticed cracks as openings to encounter. Cracks as signs of a mis-fitting. Cracks as indicators that something bigger is wrong. Cracks as the beginning of a breaking down, that might also be an opening out. Cracks as an invitation to pay attention, to contemplation, to a forbearance, an abiding presence, that remains through and beyond our gut reactions of disgust and distancing. Cracks as endings that are also, possibly, beginnings.

So, how to end, for now? I’ll be honest with you, I really wasn’t sure how to finish this meditation on unfinishedness.

One possibility was to go with the profoundly comic punchline to King Nebuchadnezzar’s story, a punchline that isn’t delivered for 600 years or so after his death. The great, hospitable tree of his dream would be taken up by another story-teller as an image for the kingdom of God. But rather than name the tree as some great oak or cedar, this story-teller would identify it as the tiny seed of a renowned, rampant weed: wild mustard, the bane of farmers, gardeners and anyone who likes to imagine they’re in control. The kind of seed that just needs a tiny hole, a hairline crack, in which it can spring to life and start to spread. A species of plant often named ‘pioneer’ or ‘invasive’, that nevertheless resists empire-building in its own image, but instead re-wilds and re-fertilises barren or toxified soil, and gradually makes space for a diverse ecosystem to re-establish itself. A kind of resurrection, if you like – but one that emphatically doesn’t re-centre us human beings, let alone we who call ourselves ‘Church’.

* * *

Another option for an ending was to point you towards some films to watch, or to remember. To reflect on the markedly different endings of two classic Disney films, perhaps:

…the neat happy ending of Beauty and the Beast, in which Belle finally loves the Beast despite his ugliness, and in that moment of dawning love he is both saved from death and restored to his former handsome princeness.

…or the rather less tidy Hunchback of Notre Dame, who is not transformed, and risks rejection yet again when he shows his face to the gathered crowd. And it takes a little child to approach him, nervously, tentatively; to reach up and hug him; and to lead him into the crowd, who are, in turn, led by this little child to move through their horror and disgust, to be able to embrace Quasimodo, just as he is, as one of them.

…or maybe, if you’re less Disney and more Ken Loach, how about his most recent film, The Old Oak, set in an ex-mining village in the North East of England, in the context of intergenerational economic suffocation. A village which receive a minibus of Syrian refugees with an understandable mix of welcome and hostility. A story which, unsurprisingly, has no neat happy ending (given that the UK’s political climate of austerity and xenophobia has had no Disney-style resolution). And yet, in the midst of ongoing struggle and tragedy, solidarities and friendships are forged, and we are reminded, repeatedly, that ‘those who eat together, stick together’.

* * *

We’re reaching for good news, for gospel, not for the end times, but for the mean time. Where the language is perhaps less of ‘transformation’ and more of ‘presence’. Of abiding. Of companionship on the road. Of eucharistic breaking and sharing, giving and holding.

Many have suggested, recently, that Mother Julian of Norwich is the saint for our times. A woman who lived through a time of deadly pandemic, of social unrest, rebellion, and brutal suppression of dissent by the powers that be. A seer of visions in the midst of profound illness, her most famous ‘shewing’ was of a little, round thing, the size of a hazelnut, lying in the palm of her hand, which, she is told, is all that is made – the whole universe. And what does she learn about it? That God made it. That God loves it. That God keeps it. A divine keeping. A forbearance, perhaps. A holding. Where those who have so often ‘mis-fitted’ find a fitting embrace that feels like home, feels like love, feels like sustenance, feels like rest.

I've certainly known something of that personally. Just after Christmas 2020, the day before the second major COVID lockdown began, my now 12-year-old daughter was in a life-threatening accident, sledging in the snow. She was in hospital for a few days, and over those first few hours we weren't sure whether or not she would make it through, or if life would be changed utterly for her, and for us. Over those days, and in the weeks of recovery that followed, as a family we were surrounded, held, upheld by the profoundly tangible love, care and prayers of our church community, as well as family and friends both nearby and across the world. In the midst of huge shock, anxiety and unresolved trauma, we were held in God's keeping in ways that were both immensely practical, and mysteriously spiritual.

This story could be another way of us ending today - another ending which is anything but an ending.

* * *

But maybe we should finish in the way we began: with a poem. Another of Jan Richardson’s blessings…

Blessing the Fragments

Cup your hands together,
and you will see the shape
this blessing wants to take.
Basket, bowl, vessel:
it cannot help but
hold itself open
to welcome
what comes.

This blessing
knows the secret
of the fragments
that find their way
into its keeping,
the wholeness
that may hide
in what has been
left behind,
the persistence of plenty
where there seemed
only lack.

Look into the hollows
of your hands
and ask
what wants to be
gathered there,
what abundance waits
among the scraps
that come to you,
what feast
will offer itself
from the fragments
that remain.

―Jan Richardson



[1] Bayo Akomolafe, ‘These Monsters in Perpetual Exile’, The Mythic Masculine podcast #16, June 2020 [clip starts at 30:02]

[2] Drawing on the work of Dougald Hine, here paraphrasing Federico Campagna.

[3] Hine on Campagna, again.

[4] Karen Bray, Grave Attending, p.125

[5] Kimmerer & Tippett, ‘The intelligence of plants’, 24:00

[7] Drawing on Romand Coles, Visionary Pragmatism, p.97

[8] Kimmerer, ‘Epiphany of Beans’, in Braiding Sweetgrass.

[9] Betcher, Spirit and the Obligation of Social Flesh, p.134